commit fa26d48cc70f3bf930a45ea629dcf037deece64d
Author: Stanislav Nikolov <hello@snikolov.me>
Date:   Wed Aug 3 18:39:53 2022 +0300

    Initial commit

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+*.pyc
+__pycache__/
+.idea/
+
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd863f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (c) 2022 Stanislav Nikolov <hello@snikolov.me>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Liar's Dice
+
+This is a Python CLI implementation of the [Liar's dice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar%27s_dice) game. It provides
+a simplistic AI, allowing a human player to play against a chosen number of AI opponents. An optional "wild dice"
+variant is available, whereby the 1-face is considered "wild" - matching the face of the current bid.
diff --git a/bot_ai.py b/bot_ai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bdc0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot_ai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import random
+
+from scipy.stats import binom
+
+from engine import LiarsDiceEngine, Bid
+
+
+class BotAi:
+    def ai_turn(self, game_state: LiarsDiceEngine) -> Bid | None:
+        bid = game_state.current_bid or Bid(die_face=1, num_dice=0)
+
+        # Challenge a bid if we deem it sufficiently unlikely, based on the statistical odds of the bid being true. Do
+        # not hardcode a value to avoid the AI always reacting in a predetermined manner.
+        if (
+            self.calculate_odds(game_state, bid.die_face, bid.num_dice)
+            < random.uniform(0.1, 0.5)
+        ):
+            return None
+
+        max_confidence = 0
+        max_confidence_bids = []
+
+        for d in range(bid.die_face, 7):
+            for n in range(1, game_state.num_all_dice):
+                if (d == bid.die_face and n > bid.num_dice) or d > bid.die_face:
+                    confidence = self.calculate_odds(game_state, d, n)
+                    if confidence == max_confidence:
+                        max_confidence_bids.append(Bid(d, n))
+                    elif confidence > max_confidence:
+                        max_confidence = confidence
+                        max_confidence_bids = [Bid(d, n)]
+
+        return random.choice(max_confidence_bids) if max_confidence_bids else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def calculate_odds(game_state: LiarsDiceEngine, die_face: int, num_values: int) -> float:
+        num_minimum_needed_values = (
+            num_values - game_state.dice[game_state.active_player_index][die_face] - 1
+        )
+        die_face_probability = 2.0 / 6 if game_state.wild_ones_variant else 1.0 / 6
+
+        return binom.sf(
+            k=num_minimum_needed_values,
+            n=game_state.num_opponent_dice,
+            p=die_face_probability,
+        )
diff --git a/engine.py b/engine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a286510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/engine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import random
+from collections import Counter
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Bid:
+    die_face: int
+    num_dice: int
+
+
+class EngineHandler:
+    def on_game_started(self, game_state: "LiarsDiceEngine"):
+        pass
+
+    def on_new_round(self):
+        pass
+
+    def on_bid_placed(self, bid):
+        pass
+
+    def on_challenge_bid(self):
+        pass
+
+    def on_player_eliminated(self, player_index):
+        pass
+
+    def get_players_turn(self) -> Bid | None:
+        pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LiarsDiceEngine:
+    NUM_INITIAL_DICE = 5
+    WILD_DIE_FACE = 1
+
+    listener: EngineHandler
+    num_players: int
+    round_number: int
+    wild_ones_variant: bool
+    active_player_index: int
+    current_bid: Bid | None
+    dice: list[Counter[int]]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def new_game(
+        num_players: int, wild_ones_variant: bool, listener: EngineHandler
+    ) -> "LiarsDiceEngine":
+        return LiarsDiceEngine(
+            num_players=num_players,
+            active_player_index=random.randint(0, num_players - 1),
+            wild_ones_variant=wild_ones_variant,
+            current_bid=None,
+            dice=[
+                Counter([random.randint(1, 6) for _ in range(LiarsDiceEngine.NUM_INITIAL_DICE)])
+                for _ in range(num_players)
+            ],
+            round_number=0,
+            listener=listener,
+        )
+
+    def start_game(self) -> None:
+        self.listener.on_game_started(self)
+
+        while self.num_players > 1:
+            self.new_round()
+
+            while True:
+                bid = self.listener.get_players_turn()
+                if bid:
+                    self.place_bid(bid)
+                else:
+                    self.challenge_current_bid()
+                    break
+
+    def new_round(self):
+        self.current_bid = None
+        self.active_player_index = self.active_player_index % self.num_players
+        self.round_number += 1
+
+        self.listener.on_new_round()
+
+    def place_bid(self, bid: Bid):
+        self.current_bid = bid
+        self.listener.on_bid_placed(bid)
+        self.active_player_index = (self.active_player_index + 1) % self.num_players
+
+    def challenge_current_bid(self):
+        self.listener.on_challenge_bid()
+
+        losing_player_index = (
+            self.active_player_index
+            if self.is_current_bid_successful()
+            else self.active_player_index - 1
+        )
+
+        num_dice_per_player = [c.total() for c in self.dice]
+
+        if num_dice_per_player[losing_player_index] > 1:
+            num_dice_per_player[losing_player_index] -= 1
+        else:
+            self.listener.on_player_eliminated(losing_player_index)
+
+            self.num_players -= 1
+
+            num_dice_per_player = [
+                d for (i, d) in enumerate(num_dice_per_player) if i != losing_player_index
+            ]
+
+        self.active_player_index = losing_player_index
+
+        self.dice = [
+            Counter([random.randint(1, 6) for _ in range(num_dice_per_player[p])])
+            for p in range(self.num_players)
+        ]
+
+    def is_current_bid_successful(self) -> bool:
+        num_wild_dice = (
+            self.num_all_dice_with_value(self.WILD_DIE_FACE) if self.wild_ones_variant else 0
+        )
+        return (
+            self.num_all_dice_with_value(self.current_bid.die_face) + num_wild_dice
+            >= self.current_bid.num_dice
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def num_opponent_dice(self) -> int:
+        return sum(c.total() for (i, c) in enumerate(self.dice) if i != self.active_player_index)
+
+    @property
+    def num_all_dice(self) -> int:
+        return sum(c.total() for c in self.dice)
+
+    def num_all_dice_with_value(self, die_face: int) -> int:
+        return sum(c[die_face] for c in self.dice)
diff --git a/main.py b/main.py
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/main.py
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+import argparse
+
+import pirate_names_generator
+from bot_ai import BotAi
+from engine import LiarsDiceEngine
+from ui import MyEngineHandler
+
+
+def play_game(args: argparse.Namespace):
+    names = ["You"] + pirate_names_generator.get_names(args.num_players - 1, False)
+
+    listener = MyEngineHandler(state=None, player_names=names, bot_ai=BotAi())
+    engine = LiarsDiceEngine.new_game(args.num_players, args.wild_ones, listener)
+
+    try:
+        engine.start_game()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nYou run away, cowardly...")
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        "Liar's dice", description="A classical dice game of chance and bluffing."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--num-players",
+        "-n",
+        type=int,
+        default=2,
+        help="The number of players (1 human, N-1 bots).",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--wild-ones",
+        "-w",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="If set, uses the advanced game rules, whereby the '1' die face is considered wild "
+        "(always matching the current bid).",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    play_game(args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/pirate_names_generator.py b/pirate_names_generator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..049fe29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pirate_names_generator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import random
+
+import requests
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PirateName:
+    first_name: str
+    last_name: str
+    nickname: str
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f'{self.first_name} "{self.nickname}" {self.last_name}'
+
+
+def _get_local_names(num_names: int) -> list[str]:
+    return [f"Bot #{n}" for n in range(1, num_names + 1)]
+
+
+def get_names(num_names: int, prefer_local: bool) -> list[str]:
+    if prefer_local:
+        return _get_local_names(num_names)
+
+    num_female = random.randint(1, num_names)
+    num_male = num_names - num_female
+
+    pirate_names = []
+    for is_male in (True, False):
+        gender = "male" if is_male else "female"
+        url = f"https://story-shack-cdn-v2.glitch.me/generators/pirate-name-generator/{gender}"
+        count = num_male if is_male else num_female
+
+        if count == 0:
+            continue
+
+        # Seems like the API doesn't handle the case "count == 1" too well and crashes. Just generate 2 if only is
+        # needed.
+        resp = requests.get(url=url, params={"count": count if count != 1 else 2})
+        if not resp.ok:
+            print(f"Failed to generate bot names:\n\n{resp.text}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            return [f"Bot #{n}" for n in range(1, num_names + 1)]
+
+        for i, n in enumerate(resp.json()["data"]):
+            if i == count:
+                break
+            pirate_names.append(
+                PirateName(
+                    first_name=n["name"],
+                    last_name=n["lastName"],
+                    nickname=n["nicknameMale"].strip("'")
+                    if is_male
+                    else n["nicknameFemale"].strip("'"),
+                ),
+            )
+
+    return [str(p) for p in pirate_names]
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+requests==2.28.1
+scipy==1.9.0
diff --git a/ui.py b/ui.py
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from bot_ai import BotAi
+from engine import EngineHandler, LiarsDiceEngine, Bid
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MyEngineHandler(EngineHandler):
+    state: LiarsDiceEngine | None
+    player_names: list[str]
+    bot_ai: BotAi
+
+    def is_current_player_numan(self):
+        return self.state.active_player_index == 0
+
+    def on_game_started(self, game_state: LiarsDiceEngine):
+        self.state = game_state
+
+        print(f"Ahoy, challenger! You're playing against {', '.join(self.player_names[1:])}.")
+        print()
+
+    def on_bid_placed(self, bid: Bid):
+        print(
+            f"{self.player_names[self.state.active_player_index]} "
+            f"bid{'s' if self.state.active_player_index != 0 else ''} "
+            f"{bid.num_dice}x{bid.die_face}{'s' if bid.num_dice > 1 else ''}!"
+        )
+
+    def on_challenge_bid(self):
+        bid_owner = (
+            self.player_names[self.state.active_player_index - 1] + "'s"
+            if self.is_current_player_numan()
+            else "your"
+        )
+
+        print(
+            f"\n{self.player_names[self.state.active_player_index]} "
+            f"challenge{'' if self.is_current_player_numan() else 's'} "
+            f"{bid_owner} bid... "
+            f"{'unsuccessfully' if self.state.is_current_bid_successful() else 'SUCCESSFULLY'}!"
+        )
+        print(f"Your dice: {', '.join(str(d) for d in sorted(self.state.dice[0].elements()))}")
+        for i in range(1, len(self.player_names)):
+            print(
+                f"{self.player_names[i]}'s dice: {', '.join(str(d) for d in sorted(self.state.dice[i].elements()))}"
+            )
+
+        time.sleep(2)
+
+    def on_new_round(self):
+        print(f"\n--- Round {self.state.round_number} ---\n")
+        print(f"Your dice: {', '.join(str(d) for d in sorted(self.state.dice[0].elements()))}")
+        for i in range(1, len(self.player_names)):
+            total = self.state.dice[i].total()
+            print(f"{self.player_names[i]}'s has {total} {'die' if total == 1 else 'dice'} left.")
+        print()
+
+    def on_player_eliminated(self, player_index: int) -> None:
+        human_player_eliminated = player_index == 0
+
+        print(
+            f"*** {self.player_names[player_index]} {'have' if human_player_eliminated else 'has'} been eliminated!\n"
+        )
+        self.player_names = [n for (i, n) in enumerate(self.player_names) if i != player_index]
+
+        if len(self.player_names) == 1:
+            print(
+                f"+++ {self.player_names[0]} {'is' if human_player_eliminated else 'are'} the winner!\n"
+            )
+
+    def get_players_turn(self) -> Bid | None:
+        if self.is_current_player_numan():
+            return self.get_human_turn_input()
+        else:
+            return self.bot_ai.ai_turn(self.state)
+
+    def get_human_turn_input(self):
+        include_challenge_option = bool(self.state.current_bid)
+        help_message = (
+            "Please use the input format of NX, whereby N is the number of dice and X is the die face of"
+            "the bid. Example: '43' means a bid of 3 dice with the 'four' face."
+        )
+
+        while True:
+            bid_text = input(
+                f"Your bid [{{NX}}{'/L' if include_challenge_option else ''}/?]: "
+            ).lower()
+            if bid_text == "?":
+                print(f"\n{help_message}\n")
+            if include_challenge_option and bid_text == "l":
+                return None
+
+            if len(bid_text) == 2 and bid_text.isdigit():
+                num_dice = int(bid_text[0])
+                die_face = int(bid_text[1])
+
+                if die_face < 1 or die_face > 6:
+                    print(
+                        "\nProper pirates only use d6'es, please chose a dice face appropriately! (1-6)"
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                return Bid(die_face=die_face, num_dice=num_dice)
+
+            print("\nInvalid bid!")
+            print(help_message)